For those training to be physicians, post-medical school rigorous residency and fellowship training occurs, and exams to certify competency in the specific specialty. Students in health care must pass special exams and medical board standards to graduate, helping to ensure that the individual is competent in their discipline.

In the U.S., there are rigorous standards for the educational curriculum of those in medicine. “If it is given me to save a life and save life wherever possible within reason this awesome responsibility must be faced with great humbleness and awareness of my own frailty.” At medical school graduations across the country, the Hippocratic Oath or its modifications will be recited stating that we shall care for all: More than 2,000 years ago, Hippocrates framed principles of medical practice, which are foundational. The regulation and practice of medicine have been held in high esteem by the public and scientific community for millennia. Yet, if a state-certified teacher used some of the writings of Pulitzer and Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison, for example, speaking to high-school students about understanding community diversity and the impact on public health, that person could be subject to disciplinary action if a parent of a student in the class objects.

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